1. Basic knowledge of going abroad

1. Basic knowledge of going abroad

Before going abroad for a visit, you must obtain a passport and a visa from the relevant country. Except for countries with mutual visa exemption agreements, no country is allowed to allow people without valid passports and visas to enter or leave its territory. This is a matter involving the principle of sovereignty. Many countries stipulate that foreign heads of state and their spouses who are invited to visit are exempt from passport inspection and do not need to apply for entry and exit visas. This is a courtesy, but it is still customary for them to get their own passports for sending abroad.

A passport is an identity document issued by a sovereign country to its citizens when they enter or leave the country and stay abroad. The countries that have established diplomatic relations also send samples of their passports to each other for identification, so as to prevent people with fake passports from entering and leaving the country. The period of validity is generally indicated on the passport. Expired and invalid passports shall not be used. When the passport expires, you should apply for extension at the licensing authority or the national embassy stadium. Some countries also set regional restrictions on the use of passports. In addition to the passport inspection required for border entry and exit, passports are required for staying in hotels abroad, handling residence procedures, booking air tickets, and withdrawing money from banks. Therefore, the passport should be carried with you and kept properly to prevent loss, damage and alteration. In case of any loss, it is required to immediately report to the local embassy and gymnasium and apply for reissue.

The types of passports vary from country to country. According to the current regulations of our country, our passports are divided into: diplomatic passport (digital passport red), official passport (service passport green) and ordinary passport (passport brown). Ordinary passports can be divided into two types: business and private. Some countries do not have official passports, but have official passports; Some countries also have special passports. Diplomatic passports are issued to personnel with official government status and staff of embassies and consulates stationed abroad; Other personnel are generally issued with ordinary passports, which can be divided into two categories according to their reasons for going abroad: business and private. The passport of the person who goes abroad on business shall be issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or an organ authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; The passports of those who go abroad for private purposes shall be issued by the public security organs. In foreign countries, they are handled by embassies or consulates.

After obtaining the passport, the personnel going abroad should check whether the name, date of birth and place on the passport are filled in correctly and sign on the mutual trust signature box.

After the passport is completed, you must also apply for a visa (Visa) from the embassy or consulate of the relevant country with your passport. Visas are divided into:

Within the valid period of the entry visa, the passport holder is allowed to enter the country at one time;

The passport holder is allowed to issue the exit visa at one time within the validity period;

Within the valid period of the entry and exit visa, the passport holder is allowed to enter and exit at one time;

Entry and exit visas allow passport holders to leave and return within the validity period; The holder of multiple entry and exit visa enters and exits the country multiple times within a certain period of validity; The transit visa allows the holder to pass the border within a certain period of validity, and can stay for a short time (generally 3-7 days).

Visas are classified into diplomatic visas, official visas and ordinary visas according to their grades. Generally, the holders of diplomatic passports, official passports and ordinary passports are issued respectively. Visas are generally signed on valid passports or other travel documents. However, some countries do not want to sign a visa on the passport of countries without diplomatic relations, so they issue a separate paper visa, and indicate that it is valid only when it is used at the same time as the passport they hold.

Before going abroad, it is generally necessary to complete the entry visa of the country to which you are going and the transit visa of the country in transit. In case of transit without leaving the airport, it is generally unnecessary to apply for a transit visa.

In addition to the fact that leaders' visits are generally fast, visa processing often takes considerable time. We should try to apply as soon as possible to avoid delay in travel.

The period of validity and residence of visas in all countries should be specified. If a transit visa is valid for one month and stays for three days, it means that it can transit within one month, but can only stay in the country for three days. If an entry visa is valid for half a year and stays for one month, it means that you can enter the country within half a year, but you can only stay here for one month. If you stay for more than one month, you need to apply for residence separately. Before going abroad, in addition to completing the passport and visa, the vaccination certificate (commonly known as the yellow book) needs to be handled according to the situation. If there is no epidemic in the area to be visited, it is not necessary to handle it. Some countries need to show HIV free test certificates when entering the country. According to the current practice of China, in addition to the personnel of embassies and consulates abroad and overseas delegations, this certificate should also be handled. You can ask the quarantine office for details. Some countries have presidential planes. China's practice is that major leaders can take a special civil aviation plane when visiting. When a special plane enters or leaves the border of each country, it shall obtain the official consent of the other party in advance of the relevant information, including the aircraft type, aircraft number, radio call sign, route, captain's name, number of crew members and permission to fly over the border and airspace. At the same time, the civil aviation authorities should also go through various procedures according to the normal international flight rules. The security guard of the special plane during its stay in the relevant countries should also greet the other party in advance. When the special plane of the head of state or government flies over the airspace of a third country, it should send a message to the leader of that country. However, if you fly back and forth more than twice, you can send a telegram once.